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A study investigating aging in mice has found that hormonal changes that occur when mice eat significantly less may help explain an already established phenomenon: a low calorie diet can extend the lifespan of rodents, a benefit that even regular exercise does not achieve.”We know that being lean rather than obese is protective from many diseases, but key rodent studies tell us that being lean from eating less, as opposed to exercising more, has greater benefit for living longer.

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While researching new ways to stop the progression of cancer, researchers at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, have discovered a compound that has been shown to prevent cancer in the laboratory. The research appears in the journal Gene Regulation and Systems Biology.

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Many species participate in nature’s version of rock-paper-scissors games, in which rock beats scissors, scissors beats paper, and paper beats rock. Because no one type is better than all others, such games are a powerful force promoting biodiversity.

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There exists much ethical controversy brought about by advances in biology and medicine and the relationship to religion. In a new essay in The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Laurie Zoloth takes an approach to medical ethics that draws upon Jewish texts, traditions, and philosophy to show how acting to change the world is indicative of this faith tradition.

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Protein crystallographers have only scratched the surface of the human proteins important for drug interactions because of difficulties crystallizing the molecules for synchrotron x-ray diffraction.Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory have devised a way to eliminate the need for crystallization by using lasers to align large groups of molecules.

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For decades, evolutionary biologists have sought to discern the types of genetic changes that lead to the creation of new species. To date, very few “speciation genes” have been identified. These “speciation genes” help to create and preserve species boundaries by preventing the production of hybrids. Genes controlling fertilization are likely candidates. Some male ejaculate proteins affect female reproductive physiology and behavior.

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A direct link between activity in the brain’s cortex and themicroscopic structure of the neuronal network has been shown andpublished in the open access journal PLoS ONE onMay 14, 2008. Building on an existing body of research, Roberto FernándezGalán, Ph.D., an assistant professor of neurosciences at Case WesternReserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, investigated the smallneuronal networks in the cortex.

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A new study published in Biological Psychiatry on May 15th is “another example of how basic science research conducted in animals may help to identify new molecular targets that may be studied for the treatment or even prevention of psychiatric disorders,” according to Dr. John Krystal, Editor of Biological Psychiatry and affiliated with both Yale University School of Medicine and the VA Connecticut Healthcare System.

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A St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital study shows that T cells, the body’s master immune regulators, do not use simple on/off switches to govern the cellular machinery that regulates their development and function. Rather, they possess sophisticated molecular controls that enable them to adjust their function with exquisite precision. Such subtle adjustment enables T cells to modulate their development and function, including avoiding autoimmunity.

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It’s a tough job, but somebody has to do it - or at least some dogs have to do it.In the Cerrado region of Brazil, four dogs trained to detect animal feces by scent are helping researchers monitor rare and threatened wildlife such as jaguar, tapir, giant anteater and maned wolf in and around Emas National Park, a protected area with the largest concentration of threatened species in Brazil.

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